Energy and Life
By Nicole Tunbridge, Kathleen Fitzpatrick
2018
The Energy of Life
An organism’s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics
Organization of the Chemistry of Life into Metabolic Pathways
Forms of Energy
The Laws of Energy Transformation
The First Law of Thermodynamics
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Biological Order and Disorder
The free-energy change of a reaction tells us whether or not the reaction occurs spontaneously
Free-Energy Change, G
Free Energy, Stability, and Equilibrium
Free Energy and Metabolism
Exergonic and Endergonic Reactions in Metabolism
Equilibrium and Metabolism
ATP powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions
The Structure and Hydrolysis of ATP
How the Hydrolysis of ATP Performs Work
The Regeneration of ATP
Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions by lowering energy barriers
The Activation Energy Barrier
How Enzymes Work
How Enzymes Speed Up Reactions
Catalysis in the Enzyme’s Active Site
Effects of Local Conditions on Enzyme Activity
Effects of Temperature and pH
Cofactors
Enzyme Inhibitors
The Evolution of Enzymes
Regulation of enzyme activity helps control metabolism
Allosteric Regulation of Enzymes
Allosteric Activation and Inhibition
Feedback Inhibition
Localization of Enzymes Within the Cell
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