Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research

Clinical Neurophysiology Journal
2009 December; 120(12): 2008 – 2039

By Simone Rossia, Mark Hallett, Paolo M. Rossinic, Alvaro Pascual-Leonee, The Safety of TMS Consensus Group

Abstract
A Consensus Statement from the International Workshop on “Present and Future of TMS: Safety and Ethical Guidelines”, Siena, March 7–9, 2008. © 2009 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Corresponding author. Tel.: +39 0577 585401; fax: +39 0577 270260. rossisimo@unisi.it (S. Rossi).. Giuliano Avanzini, Neurocienze Cliniche, Istituto Nazionale Neurologico “C. Besta, Milano, Italy. Sven Bestmann, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK. Alfredo Berardelli, Department of Neurological Sciences and Neuromed Institute, the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Roma, Italy. Carmen Brewer, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Turhan Canli, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, New York, USA. Roberto Cantello, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Sezione Neurologia, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy. Robert Chen, Toronto Western Research Institute and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada. Joseph Classen, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Germany. Mark Demitrack, Neuronetics, Inc., Malvern, PA, USA. Vincenzo Di Lazzaro, Institute of Neurology, Univesità Cattolica, Roma, Italy. Charles M. Epstein, Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA. Mark S. George, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. Felipe Fregni, Berenson Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel. Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Risto Ilmoniemi, Department Biomed. Eng. and Computational Science (BECS), Helsinki, Finland. Reza Jalinous, Magstim Company, Boston, MA, USA. Barbara Karp, Combined NeuroScience IRB, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur, Service Physiologie, Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France. Sarah Lisanby, Division of Brain Stimulation & Therapeutic Modulation, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA. Sabine Meunier, Service de Réadaptation Fonctionnelle, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France. Carlo Miniussi, Cognitive Neuroscience Section, IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy. Pedro Miranda, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Portugal. Frank Padberg, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany. Walter Paulus, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Goettingen, Germany. Angel Peterchev, Division of Brain Stimulation and Therapeutic Modulation, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Corinna Porteri, Bioethics Unit, IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy. Miriam Provost, Medical Devices Biologics Consulting Group, Inc., Athens, GA, USA. Angelo Quartarone, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Scienze Psichiatriche ed Anestesiologiche, Università di Messina, Italy. Alexander Rotenberg, Department of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. John Rothwell, Sobell Department, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK. Jarmo Ruohonen, Nexstim Ltd., Helsinki, Finland. Hartwig Siebner, Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark. Gregor Thut, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow, UK. Josep Valls-Solè, Neurology Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Spain Vincent Walsh, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology University College London, London, UK. Yoshikatzu Ugawa, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Japan. Abraham Zangen, Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. Ulf Ziemann, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the

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